This CCAFS Working Paper-36, proposes a gender strategy for climate change mitigation and the promotion of low emissions agriculture–the focus of CCAFS Theme 3: Pro-Poor Climate Change Mitigation. Specifically, it provides a strategy for assuring that mitigation efforts meet the goals of poverty alleviation and food security, and do so in ways that benefit poor women materially, personally and socially. The paper emphasizes that the reason to focus on women is because of their historical and contemporary disadvantages, and recognize that benefits for women are generally broader and more durable to the extent men embrace those benefits, whether out of their own material interests or from commitments to family and community well-being.