Over the past six decades world agriculture has become considerably more efficient. Improvements in production systems and crop and livestock breeding programmes have resulted in a doubling of food production while increasing the amount of agricultural land by just 10 percent. However, climate change is expected to exacerbate the existing challenges faced by agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to highlight that food security and climate change are closely linked in the agriculture sector and that key opportunities exist to transform the sector towards climate-smart systems that address both.