This guide is developed to support Oxfam country programmes as they redouble efforts to tackle the severe inequalities that are holding back progress in developing countries. This guide was built in response to requests from staff in the Horn of East and Central Africa Region (HECA) who wanted to have a stronger and shared understanding of the most important drivers of inequality and what Oxfam partners and allies might do to tackle those inequalities through more effective programming. Oxfam is now developing a global one-Oxfam programme ‘Fiscal Accountability for Inequality Reduction’ (FAIR).